Watson's orthodox behaviorism extended from 1913 through___________?
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Answer: B. 1930
Explanation
John B. Watson's prominent period of orthodox behaviorism spanned from 1913 until 1930. Watson established the foundational manifesto of behaviorism in his famous 1913 article. His academic career in behaviorism concluded around 1930 when he entered advertising. John B. Watson rejected introspection in favor of studying observable behavior. His famous Little Albert experiment demonstrated classical conditioning in humans. Orthodox behaviorism shaped American psychology for several decades.
Historians of psychology study Watson's timeline to understand the evolution of behaviorism. University psychology courses examine Watson's 1913 paper as a pivotal milestone. Behaviorism paved the way for later experimental psychology research methods. 1929 marks the start of the Great Depression rather than Watson's retirement. 1931 is slightly after Watson officially concluded his academic psychology career. 1932 marks B.F. Skinner's early publications rather than Watson's timeline.
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