How many provisions were amended, replaced, added, or removed by the Eighteenth Amendment ____?
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Answer: D. 102
Explanation
The historic Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan modified over one hundred constitutional provisions. Lawmakers systematically removed autocratic presidential powers and restored a parliamentary form of government. This sweeping legislative reform decentralized authority by transferring numerous subjects to provincial jurisdictions. Constitutional amendments require rigorous parliamentary majorities and extensive bipartisan political consensus to pass. The Eighteenth Amendment was enacted in 2010 to correct historical imbalances introduced by military dictatorships. It successfully abolished the controversial Article 58-2b which previously allowed presidents to dissolve assemblies.
Comprehensive constitutional updates strengthen democratic institutions and protect citizens' fundamental rights effectively. Devolution of power empowers regional governments to address local developmental needs more efficiently. Political analysts view this amendment as a monumental milestone in the constitutional evolution of Pakistan. Lower numbers like 18 or 41 severely understate the immense scope of structural changes introduced by this reform. An 80-provision count does not match the precise legislative tally of over one hundred modified clauses. The correct figure of 102 highlights the comprehensive overhaul required to reshape the national constitution.
- Subject
- Pakistan Studies
- Category
- Pakistan Studies
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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