Job specification holds less significance compared to machine____________?
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Answer: A. Scientific theory
Explanation
Early scientific management prioritized machine output and physical efficiency over job specifications. Frederick Taylor focused on optimizing mechanical processes and standardizing tools. Human roles were treated as extensions of the machinery they operated. Scientific management emerged during the Industrial Revolution to maximize factory productivity. Engineers analyzed time and motion studies to accelerate mechanical operations. Detailed psychological job specifications gained importance only later in management history.
Early assembly lines measured success by machine speed rather than individual worker comfort. Modern manufacturing balances machine efficiency with ergonomic job specifications. Historical factory floors treated equipment maintenance as superior to human feedback. Z thoery emphasizes lifetime employment and consensus rather than mechanical primacy. Y thoery focuses on human potential rather than prioritizing machine production. X theory focuses on worker control rather than machine optimization.
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