Albinism is a genetic disorder causing incomplete metabolism of______________?
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Answer: C. Tyrosine
Explanation
Albinism is a hereditary condition characterized by a disruption in normal melanin pigment biosynthesis. The biochemical pathway for melanin production relies on the proper enzymatic processing of tyrosine. Incomplete metabolism of tyrosine prevents melanocytes from producing adequate pigment for skin and hair. Melanin is the dark pigment responsible for color in human skin, hair, and eyes. Tyrosinase is the key enzyme responsible for catalyzing the initial steps of tyrosine conversion into melanin. Genetic mutations affecting this enzymatic pathway result in various forms of oculocutaneous albinism.
Medical geneticists study tyrosine metabolism pathways to diagnose inherited pigmentation disorders accurately. Individuals with albinism require sun protection because their skin lacks melanin to block ultraviolet radiation. Understanding melanin synthesis helps researchers develop treatments for related dermatological conditions. Histidine is an essential amino acid involved in histamine production rather than melanin synthesis. Cystine is a sulfur-containing amino acid important for protein structure, especially in hair keratin. Alanine is a simple non-essential amino acid participating in glucose metabolism rather than pigmentation.
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