A patient presenting with chronic renal failure and bone pain likely suffers from a deficiency of which vitamin_____________?
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Answer: D. Vitamin D
Explanation
Chronic renal failure impairs the kidneys' enzymatic ability to convert vitamin D into its active hormonal form. This deficiency leads to impaired calcium absorption, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and metabolic bone disease. Therefore patients with chronic renal failure and bone pain commonly suffer from a deficiency of active vitamin D. Vitamin D undergoes hydroxylation in the liver and kidneys to become calcitriol, the biologically active hormone. Active vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis to maintain healthy bone mineralization throughout life. Renal osteodystrophy is a bone pathology directly linked to impaired mineral metabolism in chronic kidney disease.
Vitamin A deficiency typically manifests as night blindness and epithelial keratinization rather than chronic renal bone pain. Vitamin B deficiencies cause neurological disorders and megaloblastic anemias instead of specific renal bone pathologies. Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy characterized by defective collagen synthesis and bleeding gums, not kidney failure.
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