All of the listed medications are macrolide antibiotics EXCEPT______________?
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Answer: C. Neomycin
Explanation
Neomycin is classified as an aminoglycoside antibiotic rather than a member of the macrolide drug class. Its chemical structure and mechanism of inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis differ from macrolides. Macrolides possess a large lactone ring, which is absent in aminoglycosides like neomycin. Neomycin is poorly absorbed orally and is typically used topically or for bowel sterilization before surgery. Erythromycin and clarithromycin are classic macrolide antibiotics used to treat respiratory tract infections. Aminoglycosides exert bactericidal effects by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria.
Pharmacology knowledge regarding antibiotic classes prevents adverse prescribing errors and allergic reactions. Distinguishing chemical structures helps clinicians predict spectrum of activity and potential toxicities. Neomycin toxicity can include ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity when absorbed into systemic circulation. Erythromycin is a foundational macrolide antibiotic utilized for treating various bacterial infections. Roxithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic effective against respiratory pathogens. Clarithromycin is a widely prescribed macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin with improved tissue penetration.
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