_____________ is an organizational concept stating there is no single ideal approach for corporate structuring and leadership?
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Answer: D. Contingency management theory
Explanation
Contingency management theory asserts that there is no single best way to structure an organization. Organizational effectiveness depends entirely on matching structural designs to specific situational variables. Contingency theorists reject universal management principles in favor of situational adaptability. Contingency theory emerged as an evolution beyond classical rigid management administrative models. External environment, technology, and organizational size act as key situational contingencies. Managers analyze specific circumstances before determining appropriate corporate structures.
Global enterprises adopt flexible matrix structures tailored to local market contingencies. Consultants recommend different leadership styles depending on the unique challenges facing a company. Modern business strategy relies heavily on contingency principles to navigate market uncertainty. Theory Y assumes employees are self-motivated rather than addressing structural contingency. Theory X focuses on authoritarian control rather than organizational structural relativity. Scientific management advocated universal one-best-way principles that contingency theory rejects.
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Answer: A. Need
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Answer: A. Concept
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Answer: A. holistic management
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Q4. Within which philosophy is an individual unable to accept pre-packaged concepts of existence__________?
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Answer: C. Existentialism
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Answer: C. kaizen
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Q6. On what core objectives does lean management place its primary focus____________?
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Answer: D. all of the above
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