According to Ibn-e-Khaldun, the instructional process should consist of how many phases_______________________?
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Answer: B. Three
Explanation
Ibn Khaldun advocated a structured instructional process consisting of three distinct phases for effective learning. These sequential phases ensure that complex topics are broken down into manageable cognitive steps. Progressing through these stages prevents cognitive overload and reinforces long-term memory retention in students. Ibn Khaldun analyzed pedagogical methods in his fourteenth-century sociological masterpiece titled the Muqaddimah. He observed how human understanding develops gradually from simple exposure to mastery and synthesis. His pedagogical insights remain studied by historians of education and curriculum developers today.
Modern instructional design models frequently utilize multi-step frameworks like introduction, practice, and assessment. Teachers scaffold complex assignments by guiding students through carefully planned developmental stages. This structured approach mirrors historical Islamic educational methods designed for optimal student success. Two phases are insufficient for covering the nuanced transition from introductory exposure to complete mastery. Four or five phases exceed Ibn Khaldun's specific traditional formulation of the tripartite learning process. Option D is incorrect because the traditional scholarly consensus identifies exactly three instructional phases.
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