According to acknowledgments by Western and English historians, thinkers, travelers, and educationists, education during Muslim rule in the Subcontinent was widespread and________________?
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Answer: B. Free
Explanation
Historical records indicate that education during pre-colonial Muslim rule was widely accessible and generally free. Endowments and waqfs generously funded teachers and students without imposing heavy tuition fees. Observers noted that learning opportunities extended across various social strata in urban and rural areas. Islamic educational traditions heavily emphasize the charitable dissemination of useful knowledge. Rulers and wealthy elites established perpetual endowments to cover the operational costs of madrasas. Students received free lodging, food, and instruction in traditional institutions supported by community philanthropy.
Providing tuition-free education ensures that talented individuals from modest backgrounds can achieve mobility. Philanthropic funding models sustained intellectual life independently of direct state taxation for schooling. Recognizing this historical reality counters misconceptions about the accessibility of pre-colonial learning. Only for upper classes contradicts historical evidence showing broad community access through endowments. Expensive is incorrect because traditional Islamic education was heavily subsidized by charitable trusts. Limited to poor overlooks the fact that students from diverse economic backgrounds studied together.
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