Identify the pharmaceutical agent that activates plasma antithrombin-III to exert its anticoagulant effects____________?
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Answer: C. Heparin
Explanation
Heparin binds directly to circulating plasma antithrombin-III molecules to change their conformation. This conformational change accelerates the inactivation of clotting factors like thrombin. Rapid anticoagulation prevents undesirable thrombus formation in clinical medical emergencies. Antithrombin-III is a natural serine protease inhibitor that regulates blood coagulation cascades. Unfractionated heparin requires this endogenous cofactor to exert its potent anticoagulant activity. Parenteral administration ensures immediate onset of action in acute thrombotic events.
Hospitalized patients receive heparin to prevent deep vein thrombosis during prolonged immobilization. Laboratory monitoring of clotting times is essential during intravenous heparin infusion therapy. Rapid reversal agents can neutralize heparin effects if major bleeding complications occur. Dicumarol is an oral anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase enzymes. Idphenadione represents an older anticoagulant compound with different pharmacokinetic profiles. Phenindone functions as a vitamin K antagonist rather than activating antithrombin-III directly.
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