Hepatolenticular degeneration is characterized by the abnormal tissue deposition of_____________?
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Answer: D. copper
Explanation
Hepatolenticular degeneration involves metabolic defects causing toxic copper accumulation in various body tissues. Excess copper progressively deposits in the liver, brain, and the cornea of the affected patient. Impaired biliary excretion of copper is the primary physiological mechanism responsible for this progressive systemic disease. Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B copper-transporting gene. Laboratory findings typically demonstrate markedly reduced serum ceruloplasmin levels and elevated urinary copper excretion. Kayser-Fleischer rings represent golden-brown copper deposits visible at the outer margin of the cornea.
Early medical treatment with chelating agents can successfully prevent irreversible hepatic and neurological tissue damage. Undiagnosed cases eventually progress to severe cirrhosis, chronic liver failure, and debilitating neurological impairment. Screening family members of affected patients ensures timely diagnosis before severe clinical manifestations develop. Cadmium is a heavy metal associated with industrial toxicity and renal damage rather than this disease. Lead poisoning causes distinct symptoms such as abdominal colic, peripheral neuropathy, and a gingival lead line. Aluminium accumulation typically occurs in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing long-term hemodialysis treatment.
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