Which chemical substance is identified as the most toxic gas?
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Answer: B. Carbon monoxide
Explanation
Carbon monoxide binds tightly to hemoglobin in blood, preventing vital oxygen transport throughout tissues. The extreme toxicity of carbon monoxide stems from its high affinity for oxygen-carrying proteins. Inhaling even low concentrations of carbon monoxide can rapidly lead to hypoxia and fatality. Toxicity measures the degree to which a chemical substance can damage an organism. Hemoglobin is the specialized protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen. Incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels produces colorless and odorless carbon monoxide gas.
Household safety devices like carbon monoxide detectors prevent accidental poisoning from faulty heaters. Industrial safety protocols require strict monitoring of air quality in enclosed working spaces. Medical treatment for poisoning involves administering pure oxygen to displace the bound gas. Carbon dioxide is a natural greenhouse gas that is asphyxiating at high levels but not toxic. Nitrogen constitutes the majority of Earth atmosphere and is completely inert and non-toxic. Hydrogen is a flammable gas but does not inherently poison cellular respiration like carbon monoxide.
- Subject
- Everyday Science
- Category
- Everyday Science
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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