Musa is attractive, assertive, punctual, and hardworking. When his colleagues evaluate his intelligence, they consistently rate him higher than his actual test scores indicate. This phenomenon is known as _____________________?
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Answer: B. the halo effect
Explanation
The halo effect occurs when one positive trait influences evaluations of other characteristics. Musa's attractive and hardworking nature leads observers to assume he is also highly intelligent. This cognitive bias prevents people from evaluating individual traits objectively and independently. Edward Thorndike first coined the term halo effect in psychological industrial research. First impressions frequently trigger this bias during interpersonal evaluations and interviews. Physical attractiveness is a common catalyst for generating unwarranted positive halo ratings.
Teachers may inadvertently grade students higher if they perceive them as polite and cooperative. Marketing campaigns exploit the halo effect by associating attractive celebrities with products. Interviewers must remain vigilant to prevent personal biases from skewing candidate evaluations. The mere exposure effect describes increased liking for stimuli resulting from repeated exposure. The placebo effect occurs when inert treatments produce real therapeutic benefits through expectation. Fundamental attribution error involves overestimating dispositional traits while ignoring situational forces.
- Subject
- Psychology
- Category
- Psychology
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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