According to realists, who holds a monopoly on the legitimate exercise of physical force?
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Answer: B. The State
Explanation
Realist political theory defines the state as holding an exclusive monopoly on the legitimate use of force. Within its defined territorial borders, only the government possesses the lawful authority to employ physical coercion. This foundational concept distinguishes sovereign states from private organizations and non-state actors. Political philosopher Max Weber famously defined the modern state by its monopoly on legitimate physical violence. Realism is a dominant school of thought in international relations that emphasizes state power and national security. Sovereignty requires that no external or internal entity can legally challenge the authority of the government.
When a government loses its monopoly on force, civil war or state failure frequently ensues. International law recognizes state borders based on the government's ability to maintain internal order. Police forces and national militaries are the institutional instruments through which this state power is exercised. Islamic fundamentalists operate as non-state ideological groups that challenge government authority rather than holding monopolies. The United Nations lacks a standing army and depends on member states to enforce international resolutions. None of the options is incorrect because the state is indeed the correct answer provided.
- Subject
- Political Science
- Category
- International Relations
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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