Which Muslim philosopher placed greater emphasis on the cultivation of the ego (Tameer-e-Khudi)______________________?
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Answer: A. Allama Muhammad Iqbal
Explanation
Allama Muhammad Iqbal's philosophical poetry and prose heavily emphasize the development of the ego. He argued that strengthening the khudi enables individuals to master their environment and achieve greatness. This cultivation of the self is the ultimate goal of both personal spiritual striving and true education. Allama Iqbal articulated his revolutionary philosophy of the ego through masterworks such as Asrar-e-Khudi. He drew upon Islamic spiritual traditions to redefine the human soul as an active, dynamic force. His writings inspired generations to reject fatalism and embrace creative self-determination and action.
Modern educational programs aiming to build student resilience and confidence draw inspiration from Iqbal's work. Encouraging youth to develop inner strength helps them overcome adversity and contribute to society. Scholars study Iqbal to understand how spiritual philosophy can drive personal and national rejuvenation. Farabi focused primarily on political philosophy and the virtuous city rather than this specific ego cultivation. Al-Ghazali focused on heart purification and moral theology rather than Iqbal's modern concept of khudi. Ibn-e-Khaldun pioneered sociological historical analysis rather than framing this specific philosophy of the ego.
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