Behaviorist instruction is also designated as___________?
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Answer: A. Behaviorism
Explanation
Behaviorist instruction focuses exclusively on observable actions and environmental stimuli rather than internal thoughts. The pedagogical approach derived from behaviorist psychology is universally known simply as behaviorism. Direct instruction, drill-and-practice, and reinforcement schedules embody the core tenets of behaviorist pedagogy. Behaviorism originated as a reaction against introspection-based psychologies that lacked empirical verifiability. Instructional objectives in behaviorism are explicitly stated in terms of measurable student performance outcomes. Programmed instruction developed by Skinner represents an early educational application of behaviorist theory.
Computer-assisted instruction programs often utilize behaviorist principles of immediate feedback and reinforcement. Vocational training programs frequently employ behaviorist methods to teach standardized mechanical skills efficiently. Classroom token economies use tangible rewards to shape student behavior according to behaviorist theory. Cognition involves internal mental processing, which contradicts the external focus of behaviorist instruction. Both is incorrect because cognitive methods and behaviorist methods rest on fundamentally different epistemological assumptions. None of these is incorrect because behaviorism is the exact alternative designation for behaviorist instruction.
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