According to reports by the Lord, Indian ______________ were described as lacking and underdeveloped?
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Answer: A. language
Explanation
Colonial officials argued that Indian classical and vernacular languages required modernization to express Western science. Reports by visiting dignitaries often characterized local languages as lacking sufficient terminology for advanced technical subjects. This perceived linguistic deficiency served as a major justification for introducing English as the medium of instruction. Lord Macaulay famously disparaged indigenous literature in his infamous Minute on Indian Education of eighteen thirty-five. Translators worked extensively to enrich vernacular languages with scientific vocabulary borrowed from European sources. Debates between Orientalists and Anglicists centered largely on the capability of local languages for higher learning.
Language policy debates continue to influence educational curricula and medium-of-instruction controversies in modern nations. Preserving and developing indigenous languages remains a vital priority for post-colonial educational institutions. Sociolinguists study colonial language attitudes to understand contemporary post-colonial linguistic hierarchies. Option B focuses on the nation as a whole rather than the specific linguistic critiques documented in reports. Option C incorrectly claims both nation and language were criticized in identical ways by colonial authorities. Option D is incorrect since language is explicitly identified as the deficient domain in colonial reports.
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