Which permanent tooth is most frequently congenitally missing_____________?
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Answer: C. Mandibular second premolar
Explanation
Tooth agenesis is a common dental developmental anomaly affecting the human permanent dentition. Excluding third molars, epidemiological studies show that mandibular second premolars are congenitally missing most frequently. Maxillary lateral incisors are also among the most commonly missing teeth in the dental arch. Congenitally missing teeth result from genetic mutations disrupting normal dental lamina initiation and development. Anodontia refers to the complete absence of teeth, while hypodontia describes missing a few teeth. Orthodontists and prosthodontists frequently manage missing premolars using implants or orthodontic space closure.
Early detection of missing permanent teeth allows clinicians to plan long-term restorative and orthodontic care. Retaining primary molars can temporarily preserve alveolar bone height when permanent successors fail to form. Genetic counseling may be indicated when multiple members of a family exhibit severe tooth agenesis. Maxillary canines occasionally become impacted, but they are rarely congenitally missing from the dental arch. Maxillary first molars develop very early and are almost never absent due to congenital agenesis. Mandibular first molars are extremely stable teeth that rarely fail to develop during odontogenesis.
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