What transport process involves one liquid diffusing into another across a semi-permeable barrier_______________________?
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Answer: B. osmosis
Explanation
Osmosis is the net movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane across concentration gradients. Water molecules diffuse from regions of lower solute concentration toward areas of higher solute concentration spontaneously. This membrane-based transport process balances chemical potentials without requiring external mechanical pumping energy. Membrane transport phenomena govern biological cell hydration and various chemical engineering separation processes. Semi-permeable barriers permit solvent molecules to pass freely while restricting the diffusion of larger solute particles. Osmotic pressure is the hydrostatic pressure required to halt the net osmotic flow across a semi-permeable membrane.
Desalination plants use reverse osmosis technology to produce potable fresh water from saline ocean sources. Biological systems rely on osmosis to maintain turgor pressure in plant tissues and fluid balance in animal cells. Chemical engineers design filtration membranes based on osmotic principles for wastewater purification applications. Option A represents viscosity, which is a fluid's internal resistance to shear deformation and flow. Option C denotes surface tension, which arises from cohesive intermolecular forces at liquid gas boundaries. Option D describes cohesion, which is the molecular attraction holding identical substances together internally.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Mechanical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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