Unprocessed kerosene has a smoke point of 15 mm, which can improve to _______________________ mm following liquid SO2 dearomatization via the Edeleanu process?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: C. 25
Explanation
Dearomatization using liquid SO2 in the Edeleanu process significantly improves the smoke point of kerosene up to around 25 mm. Removing aromatic compounds eliminates heavy soot-forming precursors from the fuel mixture. The solvent extraction process selectively dissolves aromatic rings while leaving paraffins untouched. The Edeleanu process is a classic liquid-liquid extraction technology using sulfur dioxide solvent. Kerosene treated this way burns with a brighter, cleaner, and smokeless luminous flame. Smoke point improvements directly reflect the successful removal of heavy aromatic contaminants.
Lighting and heating kerosenes require high smoke points to prevent indoor air pollution from soot. Refiners use solvent extraction to upgrade inferior straight-run distillates into premium products. This chemical treatment ensures kerosene complies with rigorous commercial quality standards. A smoke point of 5 mm represents extremely poor burning quality rather than an upgrade. Ten millimeters is below the starting smoke point given in the initial unrefined condition. One hundred millimeters exceeds the physical limitations of standard smoke point test apparatuses.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Chemical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
Related questions
Q1. Medium-viscosity furnace oil requires preheating to approximately _______________ °C to ensure optimal burner atomization?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: C. 90
Medium-viscosity furnace oil requires preheating to approximately 90°C to lower its viscosity for optimal burner atomization. Heating heavy fuel oils reduces internal fluid friction so pumps can deliver fuel smoothly. Pr...
Q2. High concentrations of polynuclear aromatics are unwelcome in aviation turbine fuels because they cause__________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. Low viscosity index
Polynuclear aromatics in jet fuels lead to poor combustion characteristics, resulting in low smoke points. High concentrations of multi-ring aromatic compounds cause excessive soot formation and radiant heat emission. Th...
Q3. A three-stage crude distillation plant maintains a pressure of roughly ______________ kg/cm2 in its high-pressure primary tower?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. 3
Multi-stage crude distillation systems operate at moderate pressures like 3 kg/cm2 in their primary towers. Maintaining controlled tower pressure optimizes the separation of volatile light ends from heavier fractions. Pr...
Q4. Quinoline is categorized structurally as a/an ________________ compound?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. Nitrogen
Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound containing a nitrogen atom. The molecular structure features a benzene ring fused to a nitrogen-containing pyridine ring. Because of its chemical makeup, quinoline is...
Q5. Catalytic reforming operations transform_________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. Naphthenes into aromatics
Catalytic reforming transforms low-octane naphthene hydrocarbons into high-octane aromatic ring compounds. Dehydrogenation of naphthenes removes hydrogen atoms and rearranges molecular bonds to form stable aromatics. Pla...
Q6. The presence of aromatic compounds in __________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: C. Petrol increases its octane number
Aromatic compounds have high octane numbers, so their presence in petrol increases its octane rating. The chemical stability and molecular geometry of aromatics resist engine knock effectively. Adding aromatics to the ga...