Tightening a threaded nut over a washer places the underlying bolt under which combination of loads___________________?
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Answer: B. tension
Explanation
Tightening a nut draws the fastener threads together placing the bolt shank under high tensile stress. The washer distributes the clamping force evenly onto the connected structural joint surfaces. This applied axial tension stretches the bolt elastically to clamp components securely together. Bolted joints rely on bolt pre-tension to prevent joint separation under external working loads. Tension is a mechanical state where internal forces pull material apart along the axis. Torque applied to a threaded nut converts rotational force into axial bolt tension.
Structural steel connections in bridges and buildings depend heavily on properly tensioned bolts. Automotive cylinder head bolts are torqued precisely to maintain tension against combustion pressures. Failing to achieve proper bolt tension can result in fatigue failure or joint loosening. Compression pushes material together rather than stretching the internal fastener shank. Shear forces act parallel to the cross-sectional plane rather than along the bolt axis. Combined loads occur under complex service conditions but tightening primarily induces direct tension.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Mechanical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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