Who maintained the thesis that those unable to compete forfeit the right to higher education and must be denied accordingly ?
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Answer: B. Spencer
Explanation
Herbert Spencer famously applied evolutionary principles to human societies through his social Darwinism perspective. He argued that state welfare interfered with natural selection by supporting individuals who could not compete. Option B is correct because Spencer maintained this harsh ideological stance on social competition. Herbert Spencer coined the famous phrase survival of the fittest before Charles Darwin adopted it widely. He believed social stratification naturally reflected inherent biological fitness and competitive capabilities among humans. His laissez-faire philosophy opposed government intervention in poverty relief or educational support programs.
Late nineteenth-century industrialists used Spencerian ideas to justify ruthless capitalist competition and monopoly practices. Modern social policy strongly rejects Spencerism by emphasizing human rights and equitable educational access. Sociology treats Spencer as a cautionary example of how biological concepts were misapplied to human societies. Auguste Comte advocated for social harmony and expert scientific planning rather than harsh competitive elimination. Karl Marx argued for working-class revolution against capitalist exploitation rather than endorsing natural competition. Selecting none of these is incorrect since Herbert Spencer explicitly championed this Social Darwinist thesis.
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