The surge in patriotism subsequent to the terrorist incidents of September 11, 2001, exemplifies which function of deviance ?
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Answer: B. Solidarity
Explanation
Deviance can increase social solidarity by uniting the majority against perceived norm violations. Major threats or crises rally citizens together, fostering intense shared patriotic sentiment. Collective outrage against deviant acts strengthens shared community values and social cohesion. Emile Durkheim famously argued that crime and deviance serve essential functions for society. Punishing deviance reminds community members of established moral boundaries and rules. External threats historically produce powerful ingroup solidarity among national populations.
Political leaders often leverage external crises to foster national unity and civic cohesion. Sociologists study how collective trauma temporarily bridges societal political divisions. It demonstrates the complex functional paradox where negative events strengthen social bonds. Warning functions alert societies to institutional failures rather than fostering solidarity. Unification describes organizational merging rather than Durkheim's solidarity concept. Authoritarianism describes political governance styles rather than a functionalist sociological term.
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