The institutionalized system of racial segregation enforced in South Africa was known as ____________?
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Answer: A. apartheid
Explanation
Apartheid enforced strict racial separation across South African public and private life. The white minority government legalized institutional discrimination against non-white citizens. State-mandated segregation relegated black South Africans to impoverished designated townships. Apartheid policies were formally instituted by the National Party starting in 1948. Resistance movements like the African National Congress fought tirelessly against oppression. Internal unrest and international economic sanctions eventually dismantled the regime.
South Africa transitioned to multiracial democracy following the 1994 general elections. Truth and Reconciliation commissions addressed historical trauma caused by apartheid policies. Economic disparities persist today as lasting legacies of historical racial segregation. Ethnic cleansing involves forced removal or murder rather than codified racial laws. Multiculturalism celebrates cultural diversity rather than enforcing racial segregation. Assimilation requires minority groups to adopt dominant cultural traits completely.
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