The earliest theoretical framework within the discipline of sociology______________?
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Answer: C. The Evolutionary Perspective
Explanation
Evolutionary perspectives constituted the earliest theoretical framework in sociology. Early thinkers applied Darwinian concepts to trace the progressive development of societies. Sociology began by attempting to map universal stages of human cultural evolution. 19th-century sociologists viewed human societies as organisms evolving over time. Herbert Spencer coined survival of the fittest to describe social evolution. These grand theories attempted to explain the entire sweep of human history.
Early anthropologists classified cultures from savage to civilized using evolutionary rungs. Colonial governments misused evolutionary theories to justify domination over indigenous groups. Modern sociology replaced unilinear evolution with nuanced historical analysis. Conflict perspective developed later primarily through the writings of Karl Marx. Functionalist perspective emerged prominently in the early twentieth century. None of these is incorrect because evolutionary perspective was indeed the earliest.
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