Differential association theory, formulated by Edwin Sutherland, asserts that criminal and deviant behaviors are fundamentally______________?
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Answer: B. learned
Explanation
Differential association theory asserts that criminal and deviant behaviors are fundamentally learned. Edwin Sutherland argued that individuals learn deviant values through social interaction with peers. Learning crime involves mastering techniques attitudes and rationalizations from close associates. Edwin Sutherland was an influential American criminologist who developed differential association. Social learning theories suggest criminal behavior is acquired just like any other normal skill. Frequency and intensity of social interactions heavily influence the likelihood of learning deviance.
Juvenile delinquency programs often focus on peer group influences based on Sutherland's theory. Understanding criminal learning processes helps rehabilitation specialists design effective intervention models. Criminologists study how urban neighborhoods transmit delinquent values across generations. Attributing crime to poor parenting oversimplifies the broader peer learning mechanism. Characterizing crime as psychotic reduces sociological learning to psychological disorders. Labeling theory focuses on societal reactions rather than the peer learning process.
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