Who stumbled upon classical conditioning through an experimental setup involving copious amounts of canine saliva?
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Answer: B. Pavlov
Explanation
Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning while studying the digestive system of dogs, observing that they salivated in response to stimuli associated with food. His serendipitous physiological observations revealed that animals could form associations between neutral cues and reflex triggers. Measurement of canine salivary secretions provided the empirical foundation for modern associative learning theory. Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1904 for his digestive research. Salivation in dogs is an unconditioned reflex that occurs naturally in the presence of food substances. Pavlovian conditioning transformed psychological science by demonstrating rigorous experimental control over learning phenomena.
Option A is incorrect because B.F. Skinner investigated operant conditioning using rats and pigeons in specialized boxes. Option C is wrong because J.P. Guilford was a psychometrician known for his structure-of-intellect model. Option D is incorrect because Carl Rogers was a humanistic therapist who rejected mechanistic stimulus-response models.
- Subject
- Psychology
- Category
- Psychology
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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