Who formulated the psychological theory of drive reduction?
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Answer: C. Clark Hull
Explanation
Clark Hull proposed the drive reduction theory, which suggests that behavior is motivated by the need to reduce physiological drives. Biological needs create internal states of tension or arousal that compel organisms to take corrective action. Once homeostasis is restored through goal-directed behavior, the physiological drive is successfully reduced. Clark Hull was a prominent American behaviorist who sought to explain learning and motivation through mathematical formulas. Primary drives stem from basic biological needs like hunger, thirst, and body temperature regulation. Homeostasis refers to the body's stable physiological equilibrium maintained through internal regulatory feedback loops.
Animal feeding experiments historically supported drive reduction by showing how food deprivation motivates maze running. Marketing campaigns often appeal to basic physiological drives to motivate consumer purchasing behaviors. Educational psychologists study motivational theories to understand what drives student persistence in academic settings. Option A is incorrect because Carl Rogers developed humanistic client-centered therapy emphasizing self-actualization. Option B is wrong because Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning regarding reflexive salivary responses. Option D is incorrect because Jean Piaget formulated cognitive developmental stages in children rather than drive reduction.
- Subject
- Psychology
- Category
- Psychology
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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