Which substance preserves bodily sodium levels by blocking their excretion through the renal tubules?
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Answer: C. Aldosterone
Explanation
Aldosterone acts on renal tubules to promote sodium reabsorption and prevent urinary excretion. This mineralocorticoid hormone maintains electrolyte balance by conserving bodily sodium levels. Aldosterone secretion ensures that sodium ions are retained within the renal system. The adrenal cortex synthesizes and releases aldosterone in response to low blood pressure. Renal tubules reabsorb sodium ions, which consequently pulls water back into the bloodstream. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system regulates fluid balance and systemic arterial blood pressure.
Medical conditions affecting adrenal glands can lead to dangerous imbalances in blood sodium levels. Physicians prescribe medications targeting aldosterone pathways to manage hypertension and heart failure. Dehydration triggers hormonal responses that conserve essential electrolytes like sodium and potassium. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone primarily involved in stress responses and glucose metabolism. Corticosterone is a steroid hormone with weaker mineralocorticoid activity than aldosterone. Adrenaline prepares the body for fight-or-flight reactions by increasing heart rate quickly.
- Subject
- Psychology
- Category
- Psychology
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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