Which response elevates heart rate, blood pressure, and gastrointestinal motility, potentially triggering diarrhea, vomiting, or renal water conservation?
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Answer: B. Nicotine
Explanation
Nicotine stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, elevating heart rate and blood pressure. It also increases gastrointestinal motility, which can trigger digestive distress or nausea. As a powerful stimulant drug, nicotine produces widespread autonomic and physiological arousal. Nicotine acts as an agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors throughout the human body. The sympathetic nervous system orchestrates the fight-or-flight response during chemical stimulation. Tolerance to nicotine develops rapidly, requiring higher doses to achieve identical stimulant effects.
Tobacco cessation programs must address both physiological withdrawal and psychological nicotine addiction. Public health campaigns highlight cardiovascular risks associated with chronic nicotine consumption. First-time tobacco users frequently experience nausea due to excessive gastrointestinal stimulation. Alcohol acts primarily as a central nervous system depressant rather than a sympathetic stimulant. Dopamine is an internal neurotransmitter involved in reward pathways rather than an ingested drug. Not all listed options share these specific stimulant properties, making the all-above choice incorrect.
- Subject
- Psychology
- Category
- Psychology
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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