Which motivational framework places the primary focus for behavior and directed action squarely on the environment?
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Answer: A. Behaviorist approach
Explanation
Behaviorism insists that observable environmental stimuli control all complex human actions. Proponents of this framework reject internal mental states as unscientific explanations for behavior. Reinforcement schedules and conditioning environments shape all learned behavioral patterns. John Watson and B.F. Skinner popularized behaviorism as a dominant psychological paradigm. Classical and operant conditioning serve as the primary mechanisms within behaviorist theory. Controlled laboratory experiments on animals established foundational principles of behavioral psychology.
Behavior modification programs in schools rely heavily on environmental reinforcement principles. Animal training protocols utilize behaviorist techniques to shape predictable physical actions. Behavioral therapy treats phobias by systematically altering environmental exposure contingencies. Instrumental approach focuses on operant actions but lacks the broader behaviorist scope. Nature approach emphasizes genetic inheritance rather than environmental influences on behavior. Environmental approach is a descriptive descriptor rather than the formal historical psychological framework.
- Subject
- Psychology
- Category
- Psychology
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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