The theoretical framework that places primary focus on tangible, measurable behaviors is ____________?
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Answer: A. behavioral
Explanation
The behavioral perspective places its primary scientific focus on observable and measurable actions. Behaviorist researchers deliberately exclude subjective mental states from empirical study because they cannot be directly quantified. Environmental conditioning principles are used to explain how humans and animals acquire specific behavioral responses. John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner were pivotal figures who championed rigorous behaviorism in early twentieth-century psychology. Classical and operant conditioning serve as foundational experimental paradigms within the broader behavioral framework. This objective approach sought to elevate psychology to an empirical science comparable to physics or chemistry.
Behavior modification techniques derived from this framework are widely applied in classrooms to manage student conduct. Clinical psychologists use behavioral therapies to treat specific phobias by systematically altering maladaptive reinforcement patterns. Animal training protocols rely extensively on behavioral principles of reinforcement and punishment to shape desired habits. Option B emphasizes the influence of social groups and cultural norms rather than individual measurable actions. Option C focuses on biological underpinnings and nervous system structures underlying psychological phenomena. Option D investigates internal mental processes such as memory, problem-solving, and language acquisition.
- Subject
- Psychology
- Category
- Psychology
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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