The sentences “Mario is easy to please” and “Mario is eager to please” possess_______surface structure and______deep structure.
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Answer: D. the same; a different
Explanation
The two sentences share the same surface structure but have completely different underlying meanings or deep structures. Grammatically, both sentences follow identical subject-verb-complement word ordering patterns on the surface. Semantically, the first means it is easy to please Mario, while the second means Mario is eager to please others. Noam Chomsky introduced the linguistic distinction between surface structure grammar and underlying deep semantic meaning. Surface structure represents the actual words spoken or written in a sentence sequence. Deep structure captures the abstract mental representation of what a sentence actually communicates.
Psycholinguistics studies how human brains instantly parse ambiguous sentences to extract correct intended meanings. Translating languages requires understanding deep structures because literal surface translations often fail completely. Grammatical analysis helps educators teach effective writing and reading comprehension skills to students. Saying they have a different surface structure is false because both sentences share identical word orders. Claiming they have no surface structure ignores the visible grammatical arrangement of words on the page. Stating they share the same deep structure is incorrect because their underlying meanings are entirely different.
- Subject
- Psychology
- Category
- Psychology
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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