The psychological school maintaining that nearly all conduct stems from conditioning and environmental shaping is termed __________?
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Answer: D. behaviorism, Watson
Explanation
John Watson founded behaviorism and argued that environment shapes human conduct. He maintained that observable behavior stems entirely from conditioning processes. Behaviorism rejected subjective mentalism in favor of rigorous environmental determinism. Watson famously claimed he could shape any infant into any specialist desired. Classical conditioning principles formed the early core of Watsonian behaviorism. This school dominated American psychology for much of the twentieth century.
Educational systems historically applied behaviorist reward schedules to manage classrooms. Behavioral therapy techniques stem directly from these environmental conditioning principles. Understanding behaviorism explains early efforts to make psychology an objective science. Gestalt psychology was founded by Max Wertheimer focusing on holistic perceptual organization. Psychoanalysis was developed by Sigmund Freud emphasizing unconscious internal conflicts. Structuralism was championed by figures like Titchener rather than Watson.
- Subject
- Psychology
- Category
- Psychology
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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