Sexually aroused individuals experiencing heightened hostility in anger-provoking scenarios illustrates:
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Answer: B. Spilover effect
Explanation
The spillover effect occurs when existing physiological arousal from one event intensifies subsequent emotional reactions. Sexually aroused individuals experience heightened residual activation that spills over into anger-provoking scenarios. This phenomenon demonstrates how prior physiological states can color and amplify completely unrelated emotional experiences. Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer demonstrated how cognitive labels interact with lingering physical arousal. Residual physiological activation does not dissipate instantly, leaving individuals momentarily more emotionally reactive. The spillover effect highlights the fluid boundary between distinct emotional states and physiological arousal.
Exercising vigorously can leave individuals more irritable if they immediately encounter a frustrating situation afterwards. Crowd excitement at sporting events can easily spill over into aggressive post-game celebrations or riots. Understanding this effect helps people manage emotional outbursts triggered by lingering stress from unrelated events. The James-Lange theory claims that bodily changes directly cause subjective feelings without requiring cognitive spillover. The Cannon-Bard theory proposes simultaneous brain organization of emotions rather than arousal spilling over. The catharsis hypothesis suggests that expressing anger reduces subsequent aggression rather than intensifying it.
- Subject
- Psychology
- Category
- Psychology
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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