During Erikson's initial developmental stage (birth to age one), infants establish a foundational sense of:
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. trust versus mistrust
Explanation
During the first year of life, infants navigate the trust versus mistrust stage. Consistent responsive caregiving allows infants to develop a foundational sense of trust. Unreliable care can lead to pervasive mistrust and insecurity in relationships. Erik Erikson proposed an eight-stage psychosocial theory of human lifespan development. Each developmental stage presents a specific psychosocial crisis that must be resolved. Successful resolution of early crises provides a healthy foundation for later stages.
Infant attachment research confirms the critical importance of secure caregiver bonds. Early childhood educators apply Erikson's principles to foster safe learning environments. Adult relationship difficulties often trace back to unresolved trust conflicts in infancy. Intimacy versus isolation is the psychosocial stage characteristic of early adulthood. Industry versus inferiority describes the primary developmental challenge of middle childhood. Initiative versus guilt represents the core conflict during the preschool developmental years.
- Subject
- Psychology
- Category
- Psychology
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
Related questions
Q1. Erikson identified the primary developmental conflict during infancy as the tension between:
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: A. trust versus mistrust
During infancy Erik Erikson's first psychosocial stage centers on resolving trust versus mistrust. Infants learn to trust caregivers when their basic physical and emotional needs are met. Resolving this foundational conf...
Q2. Per Erikson, the core crisis of adolescence centers on _____________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: A. identity vs confusion
Erik Erikson identified identity versus role confusion as the central psychosocial crisis of adolescence. Teenagers strive to integrate various roles and personal values into a coherent, stable sense of self. Successfull...
Q3. Erikson likened isolation to intimacy in the same manner that role confusion corresponds to ________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. identity
Erikson's stage model pairs psychosocial conflicts like identity versus role confusion. Young adulthood brings the challenge of intimacy versus isolation following adolescence. Identity formation during adolescence paral...
Q4. French and Raven’s (1959) taxonomy outlines which correct pairing of power types and bases?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. Expert power results from access to knowledge and information, so the computer wizard often gains considerable power in an organization
Expert power results from specialized knowledge and information that others require to solve problems. French and Raven identified expert power as a distinct base of social influence within organizations. Individuals pos...
Q5. Freud explained that Oedipal and Electra complexes resolve when a child internalizes the attributes and standards of the same-sex parent through a process termed:
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. identification
Identification is the defense mechanism where a child adopts the attributes and values of the same-sex parent. This internalizing process successfully resolves the Oedipus or Electra complex during the phallic stage. By...
Q6. Fiedler’s contingency model of leadership identifies optimal conditions for effective management as:
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. Good relationships, structured tasks and high degree of power
Fiedler's contingency model identifies leader-member relations, task structure, and position power. Good relations, structured tasks, and high power create optimal conditions for leaders. Leadership effectiveness depends...