Conclusions regarding the underlying reasons for situational outcomes are referred to as:
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Answer: B. Attributions
Explanation
Attributions are cognitive conclusions and inferences we draw regarding the underlying causes of behaviors. People constantly make causal attributions to understand why success or failure occurred in a situation. These explanations can be internal or external, significantly influencing future motivation and emotional states. Fritz Heider pioneered attribution theory, examining how everyday people explain the behavior of themselves and others. Bernard Weiner expanded attribution theory by classifying causes along stability and controllability dimensions. Cognitive biases often distort our attributions, such as the fundamental attribution error in social psychology.
Students who attribute academic failure to internal lack of ability may give up trying in school. Sports psychologists help athletes make productive attributions after losses to improve future game performance. Therapists examine client attribution patterns to challenge unhelpful cognitive distortions about life events. Predictions involve forecasting future events rather than drawing conclusions about past situational outcomes. Endings simply mark the completion of an event without explaining the underlying causes of what happened. Prophecies refer to predictions of future occurrences rather than cognitive explanations for past outcomes.
- Subject
- Psychology
- Category
- Psychology
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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