By the third grade, Timmy, residing in the ghetto, perceives himself as unsuccessful. He might struggle academically due to the:
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Answer: B. Self- fulfilling prophesy
Explanation
A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when internalized expectations alter behavior to make the predicted outcome happen. Timmy viewing himself as unsuccessful causes him to disengage, ultimately leading to poor academic performance. Negative self-perceptions create a behavioral cycle that guarantees the realization of initial academic failure. Sociologist Robert Merton formally defined the self-fulfilling prophecy concept in psychological literature. Expectations from teachers, peers, or oneself can profoundly influence academic achievement trajectories. Psychological studies demonstrate that low perceived competence often reduces intrinsic academic motivation.
Recognizing self-fulfilling prophecies helps educators foster positive learning environments for disadvantaged student populations. Interventions aimed at building academic self-efficacy can reverse negative performance cycles effectively. Understanding this psychological phenomenon prevents harmful labeling effects within educational institutions. Jigsaw classrooms represent cooperative learning structures designed to reduce racial prejudice rather than expectations. Self-serving bias involves attributing personal success to internal traits and failures to external factors. Fundamental attribution error refers to overemphasizing personality while underestimating situational factors in others.
- Subject
- Psychology
- Category
- Psychology
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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