An instructor closely watches and logs student conduct on playgrounds to monitor motor skill maturation. This is an example of ___________?
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Answer: B. naturalistic observation
Explanation
Naturalistic observation involves carefully watching and recording subjects in their natural environment without any researcher interference. This research method preserves the authenticity of behavior because participants do not realize they are observed. Observing playground conduct directly captures spontaneous motor skill maturation without artificial laboratory constraints. Ethologists and developmental psychologists frequently employ naturalistic observation to study unmanipulated animal and human behavior. A major advantage of this approach is high external validity compared to controlled laboratory experiments. Researchers must remain unobtrusive to prevent observer bias and Hawthorne effects from altering participant actions.
Jane Goodall famously used naturalistic observation to study chimpanzee social structures in the wild. Developmental researchers watch children interact in daycare settings to document natural peer communication patterns. This observational technique is foundational when establishing baseline data before launching experimental studies. Survey research gathers self reported data via questionnaires or interviews rather than direct behavioral observation. Experimentation involves actively manipulating independent variables to determine causal relationships between factors. Replication entails repeating an already published study to verify the reliability of its original findings.
- Subject
- Psychology
- Category
- Psychology
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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