All of the following represent behavioral risk factors linked to coronary artery disease except:
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. Hormones
Explanation
Hormones are internal biochemical regulators secreted by endocrine glands rather than voluntary behavioral actions. Behavioral risk factors involve lifestyle habits and personal actions under a person's direct behavioral control. Option D is correct because hormones represent internal physiological chemicals rather than behavioral risk factors. Coronary artery disease is heavily influenced by interacting genetic, physiological, and lifestyle behavioral factors. Standard behavioral risk factors for heart disease include smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, and chronic stress. Type A behavioral patterns characterized by hostility and impatience also elevate cardiovascular disease risks.
Cardiologists and public health campaigns target modifiable behavioral risk factors to prevent heart attacks. Lifestyle medicine focuses on modifying diet, exercise, and stress to improve long-term cardiovascular health. Patient education emphasizes changing harmful daily behaviors to reduce chronic disease morbidity and mortality. Option A is a behavioral and psychological risk factor that elevates coronary artery disease vulnerability. Option B is Type A behavior, a well-established behavioral risk factor linked to heart disease. Option C represents diet and exercise, which are classic behavioral risk factors influencing health outcomes.
- Subject
- Psychology
- Category
- Psychology
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
Related questions
Q1. Gestalt psychology derived its title from the German word ‘Gestalt’, which literally translates to _________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. Whole
The German term 'Gestalt' translates literally into English as 'whole'. Gestalt psychology emphasizes that psychological phenomena must be understood entirely. Configuration and organized structure represent the core mea...
Q2. Gestalt theory placed heavy emphasis on _____________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. our tendency to see patterns
Gestalt psychology emphasized the innate human tendency to organize perceptual elements into coherent patterns and structured wholes. The theory argued that the human brain naturally perceives complex visual arrays as or...
Q3. Haapasalo (1999) discovered that greater maternal problems correlated with:
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: A. less likely that her son would be physically abused
Research into maternal stress and background factors has examined various family dynamics associated with developmental outcomes.
Q4. One half of a line features outward-pointing arrows, while the remaining half features inward-pointing arrows, making the first half look longer. This represents the ______________ illusion?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: C. Muller-Lyer
The Muller-Lyer illusion specifically utilizes arrowheads pointing inward or outward on line segments. This directional arrangement tricks the human visual system into perceiving identical lengths as different. Classic v...
Q5. Hammad sets impossibly high performance bars for himself and others, remaining rigid and rarely enjoying life. Freud would likely conclude that Hammad is ruled by his:
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. his superego
A rigid conscience and impossibly high standards reflect an overbearing superego. Freud proposed that the superego enforces strict moral rules and guilt. Uncompromising moral perfectionism stems directly from hyperactive...
Q6. Research indicates that clinician biases can influence initial medical diagnoses. Which beliefs have been identified as impacting healthcare delivery?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: E. All of the above
Clinical decision-making and diagnoses can be impacted by various clinician biases, including stereotypes, theoretical philosophy, perceived disease severity, and prior patient history. Healthcare professionals are human...