Under what conditions does a thermodynamic system experience an increase in internal energy__________?
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Answer: B. in adiabatic compression
Explanation
Work is done directly on the enclosed gas without allowing any heat transfer. The first law of thermodynamics confirms that internal energy increases when compressive work occurs. Raising the internal energy of the gas simultaneously causes a proportional increase in temperature. Adiabatic processes occur within systems that are thermally isolated from their surrounding environment. Compressing a gas rapidly decreases its volume while exerting positive mechanical work on the system. Internal energy for an ideal gas depends entirely upon its absolute thermodynamic temperature.
Diesel engines rely on rapid adiabatic compression to ignite fuel without needing spark plugs. Atmospheric parcels experience temperature changes during adiabatic vertical movements in weather patterns. Understanding these thermodynamic cycles helps engineers design more efficient compressors and engines. Adiabatic expansion causes the gas to cool down as it performs work on its surroundings. Isothermal processes maintain a constant temperature through continuous heat exchange with the environment. Neither isothermal expansion nor isothermal compression results in a net increase of internal energy.
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