In which thermodynamic process is all supplied heat transformed completely into mechanical work?
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Answer: A. isothermal
Explanation
In an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas, the system temperature remains completely constant. Constant temperature implies that internal energy change is zero throughout the thermodynamic process. According to the first law of thermodynamics, all supplied heat is converted entirely into mechanical work. Isothermal processes occur slowly enough for the system to exchange heat with its thermal reservoir. Internal energy of an ideal gas depends exclusively on its absolute temperature. Work done during isothermal expansion equals heat added to maintain constant thermal energy.
Isothermal processes represent theoretical ideals used to analyze heat engine Carnot cycles. Understanding thermodynamic cycles helps engineers improve power plant and refrigeration efficiencies. Isothermal compression and expansion models describe atmospheric thermodynamic behaviors. Isochoric processes involve constant volume where zero mechanical work is performed by the system. Isobaric processes maintain constant pressure while both temperature and volume change simultaneously. Isentropic processes are adiabatic and reversible, meaning entropy remains constant without heat transfer.
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