How do the refractive indices of the core and cladding compare in a multimode step-index fiber____________?
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Answer: D. different with refractive index of core higher than cladding
Explanation
Total internal reflection confines light rays within the core of an optical fiber cable. This guiding mechanism requires the central core material to possess a higher refractive index than cladding. Light striking the core-cladding boundary at a shallow angle reflects completely back inside the core. Refractive index measures how much a optical medium slows down the speed of light passing through. Snell law mathematically relates angles of incidence and refraction across optical boundary interfaces. Multimode step-index fibers feature a uniform core refractive index surrounded by a lower index cladding.
High-speed internet telecommunication networks rely on fiber optic cables to transmit data over long distances. Medical endoscopes use optical fibers to illuminate and image internal human body organs safely. Laser beam delivery systems utilize specialized optical fibers for industrial cutting and welding applications. Option A would prevent total internal reflection and allow light to escape the fiber entirely. Option B is insufficiently specific because the core index must exceed the cladding index. Option C is incorrect because refractive indices are positive physical properties greater than unity.
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