What research design category is ex post facto ____________, where investigation commences after events have already transpired?
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Answer: B. study
Explanation
Ex post facto studies begin investigations after events have already occurred. Researchers collect data on existing outcomes and work backward to find causes. This design is ideal when natural events cannot be experimentally replicated. Ex post facto is a Latin term meaning after the fact. Because events happened previously, researchers cannot control independent variables. Retrospective analysis helps uncover relationships between past events and present conditions.
Sociologists study crime rates in neighborhoods after a factory closure occurs. Educational researchers analyze graduation rates after policy changes take effect. Psychologists examine trauma recovery after natural events have already transpired. Records refer to documents rather than the overall study design category. Both is incorrect because records alone do not define the ex post facto study type. None of these is incorrect since study correctly completes the ex post facto description.
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