External criticism establishes authenticity in___________?
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Answer: B. historical
Explanation
External criticism verifies the authenticity of sources in historical research. Historians use external criticism to check if documents are genuine. This process evaluates paper quality, ink, and handwriting of old manuscripts. Historical research relies on both external and internal source criticism. External criticism answers whether a document is a forgery. Experts in archaeology and chemistry often assist with material authentication.
Museum curators authenticate ancient historical artifacts using external tests. Historians verify medieval manuscripts before citing them in academic papers. This prevents fraudulent documents from distorting historical interpretations. Experimental research uses control groups rather than historical source criticism. Action research focuses on practitioner problem-solving instead of document authentication. Basic research builds fundamental theories without historical source analysis.
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