Which pharmaceutical agent provides protection against gastric aspiration syndrome in patients with reflux symptoms ?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. Metoclopramide
Explanation
Metoclopramide functions as a prokinetic agent that strengthens lower esophageal sphincter pressure and accelerates gastric emptying. Enhancing gastric motility minimizes gastric volume and prevents acidic contents from refluxing into the esophagus. These combined gastrointestinal actions provide crucial protection against pulmonary aspiration during surgical anesthesia induction. Prokinetic medications stimulate upper gastrointestinal tract motility through dopamine receptor antagonism and serotonin modulation. Gastric aspiration syndrome occurs when acidic stomach contents enter the respiratory tree during impaired airway reflexes. Rapid gastric emptying decreases the total volume of hazardous fluid available for potential pulmonary aspiration.
Pregnant patients and individuals with delayed gastric emptying receive prophylactic prokinetic agents before emergency surgery. Preventing aspiration pneumonia is a critical priority for anesthesia providers during rapid sequence intubation procedures. Clinical vigilance ensures patient airway safety throughout the perioperative and obstetrical delivery phases. Ondansetron is a selective serotonin receptor antagonist used primarily to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. Sodium citrate is an antacid that neutralizes existing gastric acid but does not improve gastrointestinal motility. Atropine decreases lower esophageal sphincter tone and slows gastric emptying, which actually increases aspiration risk.
Related questions
Q1. Which drug is known to sensitize the myocardium to circulating catecholamines____________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: C. Halothane
Halothane uniquely sensitizes the myocardial tissue to the arrhythmogenic effects of circulating catecholamines. This heightened sensitivity can precipitate severe, life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias during general ane...
Q2. Which of the following physiological responses can be successfully blocked by atropine ?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: A. Decreased blood pleasure caused by hexamethonium
Hexamethonium is a ganglion blocker that lowers blood pressure by blocking sympathetic tone, which atropine does not directly reverse in that specific pathway; however, atropine blocks muscarinic parasympathetic effects.
Q3. Which medication is most frequently prescribed to manage an acute anginal attack ?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: C. Nitroglycerina
Nitroglycerin acts rapidly via sublingual administration to vasodilate coronary vessels and relieve acute anginal pain. Sublingual absorption bypasses first-pass hepatic metabolism, allowing the medication to enter the b...
Q4. Identify an ACE inhibitor from the list provided ?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: C. Coptopril
Captopril inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme which blocks the production of vasoconstricting angiotensin II. This reduction in angiotensin II dilates blood vessels and lowers systemic blood pressure. Medical prof...
Q5. Which of the following is not a non-depolarizing competitive neuromuscular blocking agent ?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. Decamethonium
Decamethonium acts as a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker by continuously stimulating acetylcholine receptors at the junction. Non depolarizing agents function through competitive antagonism without causing initial musc...
Q6. Which agent is responsible for inducing dissociative anesthesia_____________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. Ketamine
Ketamine induces a distinct clinical state known as dissociative anesthesia by functionally disconnecting thalamocortical systems. Patients under ketamine anesthesia appear awake with eye-opening and intact reflexes, yet...