Which of the listed conditions is classified as a zoonotic disease? _____________?
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Answer: A. Anthrax
Explanation
Anthrax is a classic zoonotic disease primarily affecting herbivores and transmissible to humans. Animals serve as the primary reservoir for Bacillus anthracis spores found in contaminated soil. Human infections typically occur through direct contact with infected animal products or tissues. Zoonoses are infectious diseases naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming, Gram-positive rod capable of surviving decades in soil. The organism produces potent toxins responsible for severe cutaneous, gastrointestinal, or pulmonary illness.
Veterinary vaccination programs help control anthrax outbreaks among livestock populations worldwide. Occupational exposure remains a significant risk for agricultural workers handling animal hides. Anthrax spores are also historically significant agents associated with biological weapons research. Typhoid fever is strictly a human disease caused by Salmonella typhi without animal reservoirs. Bacillary dysentery is caused by Shigella species and spreads primarily through human transmission. Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae, an aquatic bacterium primarily transmitted via contaminated water.
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