Which of the following viral pathogens does not typically infect the salivary glands ?
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Answer: D. Orthomyxovirus
Explanation
Orthomyxoviruses primarily infect the respiratory tract epithelium and do not typically target major salivary glands. Influenza viruses belong to the orthomyxovirus family and cause seasonal respiratory infections rather than salivary gland disease. Salivary gland tropism is characteristic of other viruses like mumps, whereas orthomyxoviruses focus elsewhere. Orthomyxoviruses are enveloped negative-sense RNA viruses that include the well-known human influenza virus types. Respiratory transmission occurs when infected individuals expel viral droplets through coughing, sneezing, or normal breathing. The viral hemagglutinin surface glycoprotein binds specifically to sialic acid receptors found on respiratory epithelial cells.
Understanding viral tropism helps medical researchers design better vaccines and targeted antiviral therapeutic interventions annually. Influenza outbreaks create significant global healthcare burdens and lead to widespread seasonal morbidity and mortality. Differentiating respiratory pathogens from glandular viruses is crucial for accurate clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. Echo viruses can occasionally involve various glandular tissues and cause diverse systemic manifestations in patients. Hepatitis C virus is a bloodborne pathogen that primarily targets hepatic tissue within the human body. Human immunodeficiency virus can infect salivary gland tissues and cause lymphoepithelial lesions in some patients.
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