Which of the following holds true regarding multiple myeloma ?
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Answer: A. IgM spike increase
Explanation
Multiple myeloma is characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells producing a monoclonal paraprotein spike, commonly an IgG or IgA spike (or occasionally IgM).
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Answer: B. Prostate
Prostate cancer metastases characteristically stimulate osteoblast activity, resulting in classic bone-forming skeletal lesions. Tumor cells secrete growth factors that promote abnormal bone deposition rather than bone r...
Q2. Resident tissue macrophages are commonly referred to as__________?
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Answer: D. All of the above
Kupffer cells function as specialized resident macrophages lining hepatic sinusoids in the liver. Microglial cells act as the primary resident macrophage population within the central nervous system. Histiocytes reside i...
Q3. Which cell type secretes vasoactive amines to drive vascular permeability ?
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Answer: C. Mast cell
Mast cells release histamine and other vasoactive mediators that increase vascular permeability. These inflammatory mediators cause endothelial cell contraction and widen interendothelial gaps. This process facilitates f...
Q4. What core pathophysiological feature is shared across all forms of shock ?
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Answer: D. Impaired tissue prefusion
Shock represents a systemic state of cellular hypoxia caused by an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. Severe impairment of tissue perfusion prevents vital organs from receiving adequate oxygen and essential nutr...
Q5. Which disorder represents a nutritional deficiency anemia______________?
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Answer: C. megaloblastic anemia
Megaloblastic anemias are caused by impaired DNA synthesis due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. Deficiencies in these essential micronutrients disrupt nuclear maturation while cytoplasmic development continues normal...
Q6. The single most definitive criterion establishing tumor malignancy is_____________?
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Answer: C. Metastasis
Metastasis refers to the development of secondary tumor implants remote from the primary site. Benign neoplasms remain localized and never spread to distant anatomical locations in the body. Therefore, metastasis serves...