Which muscles remain functional following a complete transection of the cranial component of the accessory nerve_______________?
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Answer: C. Stylopharyngeus
Explanation
The stylopharyngeus muscle receives its motor innervation from the glossopharyngeal nerve. Cranial nerve nine supplies this specific pharyngeal muscle independent of the accessory. Transection of the cranial accessory nerve spares muscles supplied by other nerves. The accessory nerve consists of a cranial component and a spinal component. Cranial accessory fibers normally join the vagus nerve within the jugular foramen. The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth cranial nerve emerging from the brainstem.
Clinical evaluations test pharyngeal elevation to assess lower cranial nerve integrity. Surgeons identify pharyngeal muscles during deep neck dissections and tumor removals. Preserved function of this muscle ensures normal swallowing despite certain nerve injuries. The cricopharyngeus muscle receives motor supply from the vagus nerve pathways. The palatopharyngeus muscle is innervated by the pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve. The salpingopharyngeus muscle is also innervated by the vagus nerve complex.
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Answer: D. B & C
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